<p dir="ltr">This briefing report explores the threats to Indigenous languages and the human rights challenges affecting efforts to protect them during the United Nations’ International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022–2032). Focusing on China, India, and Indonesia, it highlights how restrictions on civil society and attacks on human rights defenders undermine language preservation. The authors offer recommendations for governments, the UN, and global civil society to support the safe participation of Indigenous language advocates.</p>