posted on 2025-12-10, 05:28authored bySarah Lothian, Zaki Mubarok, Ahmad Almaududy Amri, Jacqueline Joyce Espenilla
<p dir="ltr">This paper explores the BBNJ Agreement’s capacity-building framework from the perspective of two countries, Indonesia and the Philippines, and considers how its modalities and cooperative mechanisms and tools could bring unprecedented benefits and opportunities, but also implementation challenges to these countries individually, and more broadly to the Southeast Asia region as a whole.</p>