The grammaticization of zero: asymmetries in tense and aspect systems

This paper explores the emergence and semantic function of zero-marked grammatical morphemes (grams) in tense and aspect systems. It argues that zero grams acquire meaning through inference, especially when overt markers become obligatory and their absence signals intentional contrast. Drawing on a 75-language sample, the study shows that zero grams are more common in present tense aspects than in past, reflecting distinct discourse functions. The paper proposes that both overt and zero grams evolve within a universal conceptual space shaped by communicative context. As overt markers generalize, zero forms gain semantic weight, often encoding default meanings. This analysis highlights the role of discourse and inference in grammaticalization and the development of meaningful absence in linguistic systems (AI generated abstract, Copilot)