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Stoking the fire: how dying cells propagate inflammatory signalling through extracellular vesicle trafficking

journal contribution
posted on 2020-11-09, 03:25 authored by Amy BaxterAmy Baxter
© 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Communication between dying cells and their environment is a critical process that promotes tissue homeostasis during normal cellular turnover, whilst during disease settings, it can contribute to inflammation through the release of intracellular factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of membrane-bound cell-derived structures that can engage in intercellular communication via the trafficking of bioactive molecules between cells and tissues. In addition to the well-described functions of EVs derived from living cells, the ability of dying cells to release EVs capable of mediating functions on target cells or tissues is also of significant interest. In particular, during inflammatory settings such as acute tissue injury, infection and autoimmunity, the EV-mediated transfer of proinflammatory cargo from dying cells is an important process that can elicit profound proinflammatory effects in recipient cells and tissues. Furthermore, the biogenesis of EVs via unique cell-death-associated pathways has also been recently described, highlighting an emerging niche in EV biology. This review outlines the mechanisms and functions of dying-cell-derived EVs and their ability to drive inflammation during various modes of cell death, whilst reflecting on the challenges and knowledge gaps in investigating this subgenre of extracellular vesicles research.

Funding

National Health & Medical Research Council, Australia | GNT1141732

History

Publication Date

2020-10-01

Journal

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volume

21

Issue

19

Article Number

7256

Pagination

16p. (p. 1-16)

Publisher

MDPI AG

ISSN

1422-0067

Rights Statement

The Author reserves all moral rights over the deposited text and must be credited if any re-use occurs. Documents deposited in OPAL are the Open Access versions of outputs published elsewhere. Changes resulting from the publishing process may therefore not be reflected in this document. The final published version may be obtained via the publisher’s DOI. Please note that additional copyright and access restrictions may apply to the published version.

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