Mapping of technological strategies for reducing social isolation in homebound older adults: A scoping review

Background: Homebound older adults (HOAs) are particularly vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness, which engender a poorer physical and mental health, and greater cognitive decline. The purpose of this review is to map the literature to identify potential technological strategies that reduce social isolation in HOAs, and to understand facilitators and barriers for adoption and implementation. Methods: Six databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, EBSCOHost, National Library ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Journal of Medical Internet Research were searched for relevant articles. Peer-reviewed literature published in English from Jan 2014 to Feb 2024 that employed technological strategies applicable to HOAs and assessed social isolation or connectedness as an outcome measure were included. Results: 107 studies were reviewed and classified into different technological categories based on their functions and features. A social technology framework encompassing delivery, hardware, software, content, training, and support was conceptualized with core characteristics identified from the reviewed technological strategies. Cost and complexity of technology, and resource commitment were identified as barriers while user-friendliness, content curation and a supportive ecosystem may facilitate the adoption of a technological strategy to address social isolation in HOAs. Conclusion: There is a need for early and concerted effort to identify HOAs, provide technology training, and empower them to tap on the digital world to complement and/or supplement social interactions. Development of cost-effective and rapid-to-implement technology is vital for HOAs who are at highest risk to social isolation.