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Making football safer for women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players

© 2020 Author(s). Objective To evaluate the effects of injury prevention programmes on injury incidence in any women's football code; explore relationships between training components and injury risk; and report injury incidence for women's football. Design Systematic review and meta-Analysis. Data sources Nine databases searched in August 2019. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials evaluating any injury prevention programme (eg, exercise, education, braces) were included. Study inclusion criteria were: ≥20 female football players in each study arm (any age, football code or participation level) and injury incidence reporting. Results Twelve studies, all in soccer, met inclusion criteria, with nine involving adolescent teams (aged <18 years). All studies (except one) had a high risk of bias. Eleven studies examined exercise-based programmes, with most (9/11) including multiple (≥2) training components (eg, strength, plyometric, balance exercises). Multicomponent exercise programmes reduced overall (any reported) injuries (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91) and ACL injuries (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.92). For exercise-based strategies (single-component and multicomponent), hamstring injuries were also reduced (IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.95). While exercise-based strategies resulted in less knee, ankle and hip/groin injuries, and the use of multiple training components was associated with greater reductions in overall and knee injuries, further studies would be required to increase the precision of these results. The incidence of overall injuries in women's football was 3.4 per 1000 exposure hours; with ankle injuries most common. Conclusion In women's football, there is low-level evidence that multicomponent, exercise-based programmes reduce overall and ACL injuries by 27% and 45%, respectively. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093527.

Funding

Support for this study was provided by an Australian Football League (AFL) Research Board Grant. BEP is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) postgraduate scholarship (no. 1114296). AGC is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (no. 1121173). ABM is supported by an NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (No. 1156674).

History

Publication Date

2020-09-01

Journal

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volume

54

Issue

18

Pagination

12p.

Publisher

BMJ

ISSN

0306-3674

Rights Statement

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