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Impact of starting BMI and degree of weight loss on changes in appetite-regulating hormones during diet-induced weight loss

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journal contribution
posted on 2022-05-04, 06:12 authored by KAL Edwards, Luke PrendergastLuke Prendergast, S Kalfas, P Sumithran, J Proietto
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the hormone changes following weight loss are proportional to the degree of weight loss and to starting BMI. Methods: A very low-energy diet was used to achieve 15% weight loss. Fasting and postprandial gut hormones and leptin were measured during a meal test at baseline and at 5% (1%), 10% (2%), and 15% (2.5%) weight loss. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze hormone changes. Results: From baseline to 5% weight loss, decreases were seen in fasting concentrations of leptin (−8.25 ng/mL; p < 0.001), amylin (−21.3 pg/mL; p < 0.001), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (−59.55 pg/mL; p < 0.001). There was a small further reduction in leptin between 5% and 15% weight loss (−1.88 ng/mL; p = 0.019) but not in glucagon-like peptide 1 and amylin. Fasting ghrelin showed a significant increase at 10% weight loss (41.64 pg/mL; p = 0.002), with a nonsignificant increase from 10% to 15% loss (26.03 pg/mL; p = 0.065). Postprandial changes in hormone levels were variable. There was no correlation between baseline weight and the degree of hormone changes. Conclusions: The majority of changes in fasting gut hormones and leptin occurred in early weight loss, with minor further changes up to 15% weight loss. Starting weight did not affect the degree of hormone change.

Funding

KE was supported by the Australian Government Research Training Scheme. PS is supported by an Investigator Grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council (1178482).

History

Publication Date

2022-04-01

Journal

Obesity

Volume

30

Issue

4

Pagination

(p. 911-919)

Publisher

Wiley

ISSN

1930-7381

Rights Statement

© 2022 The Authors. Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society (TOS). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.