Exploring Factors That Influence Injured Patients’ Outcomes following Road Traffic Crashes: A Multi-Site Feasibility Study

Background: Injuries arising from Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) are a major health problem in Saudi Arabia (SA). The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of conducting a multi-center research study to explore factors that influence the mortality of RTC-related trauma patients in SA. Methods: A multi-center observational study was undertaken involving both prospective and retrospective data collected from three hospitals. In-hospital patient mortality thirty days post-crash was the primary outcome variable. The feasibility of the study methods including the quality of data were evaluated and pilot results pertaining to factors predicting mortality were examined. Results: The overall mortality rate (n = 572 RTC victims) was (7.5%). A logistic regression model identified four independent predictors of mortality following an RTC: treatment at a non-trauma center-based hospital, SBP ≤ 90 mmHg, GCS ≤ 8, and ISS ≥ 20. With respect to the assessment of the study method’s feasibility, missing data was problematic, especially for variables pertaining to crash characteristics and prehospital care. Conclusions: Collecting multi-center injury data in SA has logistic challenges, predominantly associated with the comparability and completeness of data sets as well as the need for manual screening and data collection at some institutions. Despite these limitations, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of a method that could be utilized in further large nationwide studies to understand and examine the factors that influence injured patients’ outcomes following RTCs.