1196736_Kusuma,G_2022.pdf (3.54 MB)
Effect of 2D and 3D Culture Microenvironments on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Potencies
journal contribution
posted on 2022-05-18, 06:08 authored by GD Kusuma, A Li, D Zhu, H McDonald, IM Inocencio, DC Chambers, K Sinclair, H Fang, David GreeningDavid Greening, JE Frith, R LimTherapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are now widely believed to come from their paracrine signalling, i.e. secreted factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Cell-free therapy using EVs is an active and emerging field in regenerative medicine. Typical 2D cultures on tissue culture plastic is far removed from the physiological environment of MSCs. The application of 3D cell culture allows MSCs to adapt to their cellular environment which, in turn, influences their paracrine signalling activity. In this study we evaluated the impact of 3D MSCs culture on EVs secretion, cargo proteome composition, and functional assessment in immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. MSC-EVs from 2D and 3D cultures expressed classical EV markers CD81, CD63, and CD9 with particle diameter of <100 nm. There were distinct changes in immunomodulatory potencies where 3D cultures exhibited reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and significantly reduced macrophage phagocytosis. Administration of 2D and 3D EVs following double dose bleomycin challenge in aged mice showed a marked increase of bodyweight loss in 3D group throughout days 7–28. Histopathological observations of lung tissues in 3D group showed increased collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and leukocytes infiltrations. Assessment of lung mechanics showed 3D group did not improve lung function and instead exhibited increased resistance and tissue damping. Proteome profiling of MSC-EV composition revealed molecular enrichment of EV markers (compared to parental cells) and differential proteome between EVs from 2D and 3D culture condition associated with immune-based and fibrosis/extracellular matrix/membrane organization associated function. This study provides insight into distinct variation in EV protein composition dependent on the cellular microenvironment of the parental cells, which could have implications in their therapeutic effect and potency. Overall, this work suggests that EVs produced from 3D MSC cultures did not enhance typical MSC-EV properties expected from 2D cultures (immunomodulation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory). The outcome highlights critical differences between MSC-EVs obtained from different culture microenvironments, which should be considered when scaling up MSC culture for clinical manufacturing.
Funding
This work is supported by National Health and Medical Research Council, Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research Foundation, Victoria Fellowship, Helen Amelia Hains Fellowship, and Victorian Governments Operational Infrastructure Support Program to Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute.
History
Publication Date
2022-02-14Journal
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental BiologyVolume
10Article Number
ARTN 819726Pagination
17p.Publisher
Frontiers Media SAISSN
2296-634XRights Statement
© 2022 Kusuma, Li, Zhu, McDonald, Inocencio, Chambers, Sinclair, Fang, Greening, Frith and Lim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Publisher DOI
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Keywords
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineCell BiologyDevelopmental Biologymesenchymal stem cellsextracellular vesiclespheroidsmicroenvironmentlung fibrosisinflammationimmunomodulation3D cultureSTROMAL CELLSPULMONARY-FIBROSISTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONSBLEOMYCININDUCTIONEXOSOMESMATRIXBiochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified