journal contribution
posted on 2021-04-13, 04:14 authored by JH Yun, X Li, J Yue, JH Park, Z Jin, C Li, H Hu, Y Shi, S Pandey, S Carbajo, S Boutet, MS Hunter, M Liang, RG Sierra, TJ Lane, L Zhou, U Weierstall, Nadia Zatsepin, M Ohki, JRH Tame, SY Park, JCH Spence, W Zhang, M Schmidt, W Lee, H Liu Chloride ion–pumping rhodopsin (ClR) in some marine bacteria utilizes light energy to actively transport Cl into cells. How the ClR initiates the transport is elusive. Here, we show the dynamics of ion transport observed with time-resolved serial femtosecond (fs) crystallography using the Linac Coherent Light Source. X-ray pulses captured structural changes in ClR upon flash illumination with a 550 nm fs-pumping laser. High-resolution structures for five time points (dark to 100 ps after flashing) reveal complex and coordinated dynamics comprising retinal isomerization, water molecule rearrangement, and conformational changes of various residues. Combining data from time-resolved spectroscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, this study reveals that the chloride ion close to the Schiff base undergoes a dissociation–diffusion process upon light-triggered retinal isomerization. −
Funding
The experiment was conducted at the LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515. We would like to acknowledge all members of the PAL-XFEL with the support of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31971136, 11575021, and U1930402 to H.L.; Grant Nos. 21773012 and U2032112 to W.Z.); National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant Nos. NRF-2019M3E5D6063903, 2017M3A9F6029753, and 2018K2A9A2A06024227 to W.L.; and NRF-2016R1A6A3A04010213 to J.-H.Y.); The STC Program of the NSF through BioXFEL under Agreement No. 1231306 (U.W., N.A.Z., J.C.H.S., and M.S.); and NSF ABI Innovations Award No. 1565180 (C.L., U.W., N.A.Z., and J.C.H.S.). NSF Grant No. 2030466 to M.S. Parts of the sample injector used at LCLS for this research were funded by the NIH, P41GM103393, formerly P41RR001209. J.R.H.T. received funding from OpenEye Scientific Software.
History
Publication Date
2021-03-30Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaVolume
118Issue
13Article Number
e2020486118Pagination
p. 1-9Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesISSN
0027-8424Rights Statement
The Author reserves all moral rights over the deposited text and must be credited if any re-use occurs. Documents deposited in OPAL are the Open Access versions of outputs published elsewhere. Changes resulting from the publishing process may therefore not be reflected in this document. The final published version may be obtained via the publisher’s DOI. Please note that additional copyright and access restrictions may apply to the published version.
