Does Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affect the Outcome of Patients with Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction?

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in pathophysiology of CAD, including atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: This study aims to highlight the short-term effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on inflammation levels in hospitalized patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Study group: Forty-four patients with clinical diagnosis of STEMI were included in this study. Methods: Participants were randomized into two groups: Group I (intervention Group) received the standard treatment for AMI plus vitamin D3 5000 IU/day for 5 days. Group II (Control Group) received the standard treatment with no vitamin D3 supplementation. After taking history, performing clinical examination and electrocardiography, venous blood samples were taken at two intervals: Time zero (during hospital admission), and after 5 days follow-up for the measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and selected inflammatory markers (troponin I, high sensitivity Creactive protein, Interleukin-6) and WBC counts. Results: There was a significant increase in the level of 25- hydroxy vitamin D in the Intervention Group (30.1 ± 13.2 ng/ml) after 5 days of its supplementation, as compared to the baseline (24.2 ± 13.3 ng/ml), P<0.001. However, this was not associated with a significant reduction in the degree of inflammation, except for the levels of interleukin-6 (baseline level was 27.45 ± 9.85 pg/ml, and post-treatment level was 21.52 ± 8.49 pg/ml, P<0.001. Such differences were not found in the Control Group. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation had no significant effects on the outcomes of the acute inflammatory response in patients with acute STEMI, in spite of the significant inverse correlation between baseline vitamin D levels and interlukin-6 levels among all participants of this study.