Do work–family conflict or family–work conflict mediate relationships between work-related hazards and stress and pain?

Introduction: Previous research has identified associations between work–family conflict (WFC) and health outcomes (e.g., musculoskeletal pain). This study investigated whether WFC and family–work conflict explain relationships between exposure to work-related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress for workers undertaking some or all of their work at home. Possible differences by home workspace location were also explored. Methods: Longitudinal survey data were collected from workers in Australia engaged in work from home for at least two days per week. Data was collected at four timepoints approximately 6 months apart (Baseline [October 2020] n = 897; Wave 1 [May/June 2021] n = 368; Wave 2 [October/November 2021] n = 336; Wave 3 [May 2022] n = 269). Subjective measures of work-related psychosocial hazards, occupational sitting and physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and stress were collected via an online questionnaire. Mediation analyses were conducted using the R package “mediation.” Analyses were also conducted with the data set stratified by home office location, using R version 4.1.3. Results: Both WFC and family–work conflict acted as mediators between psychosocial work-related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress. WFC mediated more relationships than family–work conflict. Location of home workspace was important, particularly for those working in a space at home where they may be subject to interruptions. Conclusion: Addressing WFC is a legitimate means through which musculoskeletal pain and stress can be reduced. Organizational risk management strategies need to address all work-related risks, including those stemming from work-life interaction.