Biology vs. Mechanics: The Missing Link Between Force Effectiveness and Performance in Road Cycling

Training cycling technique has been popular among coaches, but limited evidence supports benefits from this practice in terms of performance. The use of pedal force effectiveness metrics is discussed, noting the limitations of these outcomes to truly reflect pedaling technique. This editorial discusses the potential discrepancies between optimal mechanics and biological constrains for cyclists to optimize pedaling technique. Current evidence on the conflicts between improved technique and performance is illustrated. Evidence on limitations from the neuromuscular system to direct forces and maximize power at the same time are discussed. Potential adaptations from key muscles to single-leg cycling and other forms of technique training are explored with acknowledgement on the current limitations from evidence in the literature, particularly around the lack of robust controlled trials. Recommendations to practitioners are provided suggesting allocating training time to other activities rather than technique for cyclists willing to improve performance.