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A Comparative Study of Consensus Mechanisms in Blockchain for IoT Networks

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posted on 2023-07-14, 04:15 authored by Zachary AuhlZachary Auhl, Naveen ChilamkurtiNaveen Chilamkurti, Rabei AlhadadRabei Alhadad, Will Heyne
The consensus mechanism is a core component of Blockchain technology, allowing thousands of nodes to agree on a single and consistent view of the Blockchain. A carefully selected consensus mechanism can provide attributes such as fault tolerance and immutability to an application. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a use case that can take advantage of these unique Blockchain properties. IoT devices are commonly implemented in sensitive domains such as health, smart cities, and supply chains. Resilience and data integrity are important for these domains, as failures and malicious data tampering could be detrimental to the systems that rely on these IoT devices. Additionally, Blockchains are well suited for decentralised networks and networks with high churn rates. A difficulty involved with applying Blockchain technology to the IoT is the lack of computational resources. This means that traditional consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) are unsuitable. In this paper, we will compare several popular consensus mechanisms using a set of criteria, with the aim of understanding which consensus mechanisms are suitable for deployment in the IoT, and what trade-offs are required. We show that there are opportunities for both PoW and PoS to be implemented in the IoT, with purpose-made IoT consensus mechanisms like PoSCS and Microchain. Our analysis shows that Microchain and PoSCS have characteristics that are well suited for IoT consensus.

Funding

This work was supported by the SmartSat C.R.C., whose activities are funded by the Australian Government's C.R.C. Program.

History

Publication Date

2022-08-27

Journal

Electronics

Volume

11

Issue

17

Article Number

2694

Pagination

23p.

Publisher

MDPI

ISSN

2079-9292

Rights Statement

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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