Erfkroon, South Africa

Erfkroon (28.868° S, 25.594° E) is a large open-air archaeological and paleontological site with Later Stone Age (LSA) and Middle Stone Age (MSA) artifacts eroding out of four terraces formed in the Modder River valley ~60km northwest of Bloemfontein, South Africa. The oldest terrace, the Wolwespruit Terrace has not been dated and lacks artifacts and fauna. The next younger Erfkroon Terrace has rare artifacts and fauna that may date to MIS 6-8. Most faunal remains and artifacts were documented in the Orangia Terrace that spans MIS 1-5. The Orangia Terrace consists of multiple allostratigraphic units that contain abundant MSA, Early LSA, Robberg and Lockshoek artifacts. The Soetdoring Terrace and correlated Sandy Cap are mostly Late Holocene and historic in age based on artifact content. Unique Florisian Land Mammal Age (LMA) faunal remains include an articulated Equus capensis partial skeleton and a near complete Megalotragus priscus horn core and cranium.